Your septic tank collects wastewater from the house. It holds the waste long enough for solids to sink to the bottom and form sludge, while fats and oils drift to the top, forming a scum film. Compartments and an outlet baffle prevent sludge and scum from leaving the septic tank and traveling into the drain field. Contact Septic Tank Armadale now!

The waste from your toilets and sinks flows into a main sewer line that slopes downward toward the septic tank. After the septic tank removes solids and floatable matter, aeration (to reduce odor) and anaerobic digestion occur. The result is a liquid wastewater called effluent that contains very little organic material. This wastewater enters a drain field where microorganisms decompose it in the soil. The septic system must be sized to handle the household’s wastewater and prevent sewage from flowing back up into the house.

The septic tank’s capacity determines how much wastewater is discharged to the drainage field. A septic tank that discharges too much into the drainage field can cause it to fill up and bioclog. A septic tank that is overfilled can also reduce the soil’s porosity and may require expensive repairs.

Most septic systems have a filter near the outlet pipe for removing any remaining floatable matter. The filtered liquid then passes through the septic tank inlet into a perforated pipe that leads to the septic drain field. The drain field has a series of perforated pipes that let wastewater seep into a gravel-filled trench.

Any wastewater that isn’t treated by the septic tank and the absorption field should not come into contact with your drinking water well. This water can contain harmful bacteria, viruses and nutrients that could make you sick if it gets into your drinking supply. It is important to keep your septic system in good working order and your drinking water well at least 25 feet away from the septic system and its drainage field.

Avoid flushing non-biodegradable waste items such as paper towels, cotton swabs and cigarette butts into the septic system. Do not flush chemical cleaners, paints and stains, floor and sink cleaners, corrosives, motor oil, antifreeze, pesticides and pool chemicals into the septic system or the absorption field. These products can disrupt the operation of your septic system and the underground absorption field, which can cause clogs or bioclogging and pollute groundwater.

Using biological septic tank treatments to maintain your system will preserve the natural bacterial colony and keep it functioning properly. These treatments come in powders, liquids and pods, with each type requiring careful measurement to ensure that the right amount of product is added.

Pumping

A septic tank is a large container that holds the pre-processed wastewater from your home’s drain lines. Wastewater is aerated in the tank to support aerobic bacteria that digest and purify it. Solids that are too heavy for the bacteria to break down sink into the bottom layer, called sludge. Grease and other lightweight materials float to the top, known as scum. Eventually, the liquid sewage leaves the tank through the outlet pipe and is dispersed into the drain field.

It is important to have your septic tank pumped and inspected regularly. The frequency depends on the size of your septic tank and the amount and types of material that goes down the drains. A licensed septic system professional can help determine how often your tank needs to be pumped.

Most septic tanks require pumping about every three to five years. If you use a garbage disposal and/or excessively wash laundry loads, the tank may need to be pumped more frequently.

During the septic tank pumping process, water is used to remove sludge and scum from the tank. A professional will usually pump the tank from the large central service hole, not through the sanitary tee or baffle inspection ports. Pumping from these small holes is not as effective and could damage the septic system components.

It is recommended to have your septic system inspected and the tank pumped before a big party or any major home renovation project. This gives the system an opportunity to function properly and eliminates the risk of sewage backups or other problems.

If you are planning on having a septic tank pumping done, you should clear out the area around the system and make sure the company has easy access to the tank, pipes and drain field. If there are weeds or branches that need to be cut back to allow access, this should be done before the professionals arrive. It is also a good idea to know when the last maintenance was done on the septic tank and the septic system, as this can help the company provide you with an accurate estimate.

Maintenance

About one in five households use a septic system, a collection and treatment system for wastewater. These are houses in suburban and rural areas not served by a public sewer system. The system treats and disperses household plumbing waste, including showers, toilets, kitchen sink drains and laundry. A septic tank collects and holds the solids, while the absorption field handles the liquid waste. It is important to keep the septic system properly maintained to avoid clogs and failure. A septic tank should be inspected and cleaned every one to two years, depending on the size of the tank and the number of people living in the home. In addition, the ground over the septic tank and drainfield should be inspected for sogginess or ponding. This can indicate problems with the system, such as a clogged septic tank or excessive water usage that is overloading the drainage field.

The septic tank should be pumped regularly to prevent overflowing and sewage backup. Most professionals recommend pumping the tank every three to five years. A septic tank that is full can lead to a sewage backup in the home and soil contamination. It is best to have the tank pumped before the sludge layer reaches the top of the inlet pipe or the bottom of the scum layer in the tank.

Bacteria in the tank produce gases as they break down the waste, and these must be released to the air. This is done through a vent in the lid of the tank, which also releases the strong, unpleasant odors. It is important to never block this vent.

It is essential to keep chemicals, solvents, dyes and paints out of the septic system, as they can kill the bacteria that break down the waste. The homeowner should also be careful not to flush medications down the drains, such as antibiotics and chemotherapy agents. These chemicals can cause the septic tank to not break down waste effectively, and it may need to be pumped more frequently.

In addition, the septic tank baffles should be inspected for broken or deteriorated pieces to prevent sludge from clogging up the inlet and outlet pipes. The baffles should be replaced if necessary. Inspecting the baffles is generally done at the same time as the septic tank is pumped.

Installation

Having the proper septic system installed for your property can help protect the health of people living on it and keep untreated sewage from polluting groundwater supplies or lakes and rivers that other people might rely on. But it takes a lot of planning and expert knowledge to get this right. If you hire a professional company to do the work, they can advise you on how big your tank should be, what type of tank is best for your household and where it should go, and how large a drain field will need to be.

Once the septic tank is in place, it will be inspected to make sure that it’s watertight. Then pipes will run from the tank to the home and to the drain field. Before backfilling around the tank, the ground should be inspected for any areas that need to be regraded or sloped.

The drain field, or leach field, is the area where the wastewater that leaves your septic tank is dispersed into the soil. It’s an important part of the system because it helps to break down and filter organic waste so that it can be absorbed into the earth. A properly designed drain field considers hydraulics, the size of the drainage system and the ability of the soil to absorb liquid waste.

It’s important to keep trees, bushes and other plants away from the drainage area, as their roots can damage the drainage system or the septic tank itself. It’s also important to keep play equipment, vehicles and other structures off of the drain field, as they can damage the piping or cause wastewater to seep into places it shouldn’t.

Finally, avoid flushing non-biodegradable materials like cooking oil, non-flushable wipes (like baby or makeup removal wipes), cotton buds and swabs, diapers, condoms, cat litter, cigarettes, pharmaceuticals or paint and solvents down the drain. These can clog your septic tank or even flow out of the septic system and contaminate your water supply. In general, it’s best to only use one toilet at a time and wash clothes over several days rather than all in the same day, as this will limit the amount of wastewater that goes into your system.